![]() ![]() (Sub)stellar Companions are expected to be located at the same distance to the Sun as the exoplanet hosts and form common proper motion pairs with them, in particular wide companions with projected separations of hundreds and thousands of au, i.e. At the end of September 2020 the EPE lists about 4,350 exoplanets, and about 400 of them were detected around the hosts studied in this work. The study, presented in this paper, complements this survey by investigating the multiplicity of the exoplanet hosts (stars but also brown dwarfs), whose planets were indirectly detected either via RV measurements or transit observations in the range of time between mid of October 2018 until end of September 2020, as well as all exoplanet hosts, known so far, with planets, which were directly detected by imaging observations. Using Gaia DR2 data Mugrauer (2019) already explored the multiplicity of all exoplanet host stars, whose exoplanets were detected either by photometric transit observations, radial-velocity (RV), or astrometric measurements, and were listed in the Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia 1 (EPE from hereon, Schneider et al., 2011) by mid of October 2018. Furthermore, for about 88 million detected objects estimates of their G-band extinction and effective temperature are listed in the Gaia DR2, determined by the Priam algorithm, which is part of the astrophysical parameters inference system (Apsis, see Bailer-Jones et al., 2013) in the Gaia data processing. beside their equatorial coordinates (α, δ), also the parallax π and proper motion ( μ α cos ( δ ), μ δ) of these sources were determined. For 1.3 billion sources a five parameter astrometric solution could be derived, i.e. The Gaia DR2 is based on data taken by the Gaia spacecraft in the first 22 months of its mission and contains 1.7 billion detected sources up to a limiting magnitude of G = 21 mag. 2 Gaia DR2 Search for (sub)stellar Companions of Exoplanet Hosts The following section gives a detailed description of this study, and the detected companions and their derived properties are presented in the third section of this paper. The study, whose results are presented here, is the third work in the context with Mugrauer (2019). ![]() Furthermore, in Mugrauer and Michel (2020) a comparable investigation was carried out among potential exoplanet host stars, identified by the TESS mission ( Ricker et al., 2015). In order to explore the effects of the presence of stellar companions on the formation process and orbital evolution of exoplanets, a survey was initiated at the Astrophysical Institute and University Observatory Jena (described in detail by Mugrauer, 2019) to identify and characterize companions of exoplanet host stars, detected in the second data release of the European Space Agency (ESA) Gaia mission (Gaia DR2 from hereon, Gaia Collaboration et al., 2018). Mugrauer et al., 2014 Mugrauer and Ginski, 2015). Nevertheless several multiple star systems hosting exoplanets, could already be revealed by previous multiplicity studies using seeing limited or high contrast AO imaging observations (see e.g. While the majority of stars are members of multiple star systems ( Duchêne and Kraus, 2013), most of the exoplanet host stars are single stars. Since the detection of the first planet orbiting a star other than the Sun, several thousands of these exoplanets have been discovered by various detection techniques. The detected companions exhibit masses from about 0.016 up to 1.66 M ⊙ and projected separations in the range between about 52 and 9,555 au. A total of 61 companions (47 stars, a white dwarf, and 13 brown dwarfs) were detected around the targets, whose equidistance and common proper motion with the exoplanet hosts were proven with their precise Gaia DR2 astrometry, which also agrees with the gravitational stability of most of these systems. In total, 41 binary, and five hierarchical triple star systems with exoplanets were detected in the course of this project, yielding a multiplicity rate of the exoplanet hosts of about 16%. In this study the multiplicity of 289 targets was investigated, all located within a distance of about 500 pc from the Sun. We present the latest results of an ongoing multiplicity survey of exoplanet hosts, which was initiated at the Astrophysical Institute and University Observatory Jena, using data from the second data release of the ESA-Gaia mission. Astrophysikalisches Institut und Universitäts-Sternwarte Jena, Jena, Germany.
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